二、政策部署
Anti-Epidemic Guidelines and Arrangements
1. 優(yōu)先滿足一線醫(yī)護(hù)人員和救治病人需要
2020年2月3日，習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局常委會會議，強(qiáng)調(diào)要重點(diǎn)抓好防治力量的區(qū)域統(tǒng)籌，堅決把救治資源和防護(hù)資源集中到抗擊疫情第一線，優(yōu)先滿足一線醫(yī)護(hù)人員和救治病人需要。2月14日，習(xí)近平在中共中央全面深化改革委員會第十二次會議講話中強(qiáng)調(diào)，要平戰(zhàn)結(jié)合、補(bǔ)齊短板，健全優(yōu)化重大疫情救治體系，建立健全分級、分層、分流的傳染病等重大疫情救治機(jī)制，支持一線臨床技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，及時推廣有效救治方案。2月23日，習(xí)近平在統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)新冠肺炎疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展工作部署會議講話中強(qiáng)調(diào)，要發(fā)揮好高水平醫(yī)療團(tuán)隊作用，把好鋼用在刀刃上，在重癥救治、病例指導(dǎo)、方案優(yōu)化等方面更好發(fā)揮他們的作用。
醫(yī)務(wù)人員是戰(zhàn)勝疫情的中堅力量。從醫(yī)院救治一線到科研攻關(guān)前沿，從完善診療方案、精心救治患者，到治愈率不斷提高、病亡率持續(xù)下降，各地不斷傳來患者治愈出院的好消息。廣大醫(yī)務(wù)人員為打贏疫情防控阻擊戰(zhàn)筑起了生命防線、提供了專業(yè)支撐。
各級黨委和政府積極采取務(wù)實(shí)、貼心的舉措，幫助廣大醫(yī)務(wù)人員解決實(shí)際困難和問題，免除后顧之憂。措施體現(xiàn)在三個方面：把生活保障做到位，改善工作和休息條件，合理安排醫(yī)務(wù)人員輪休，落實(shí)有關(guān)待遇，提供良好后勤服務(wù)；把安全保障做到位，醫(yī)療防護(hù)物資優(yōu)先滿足一線醫(yī)護(hù)人員和救治病人需要，加大對暴力傷醫(yī)違法行為打擊力度；把人文關(guān)懷做到位，加強(qiáng)心理危機(jī)干預(yù)和心理疏導(dǎo)，保護(hù)好醫(yī)務(wù)人員身心健康。
Ensuring Priority Access of Frontline Medical Workers and Patients
On February 3, at the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping underscored coordination among epidemic prevention and control forces among different regions, and demanded concentrating treatment and protective resources on the front line and giving priority to the needs of frontline medical workers and patients.
On February 14, at the meeting of the Commission for Comprehensive Reform under the CPC Central Committee, Xi emphasized the need to get prepared for both peacetime and epidemic time, improve the areas of weakness, improve the medical treatment system for major epidemics, establish a sound graded, multilevel treatment mechanism for infectious diseases and other major epidemic situations, support innovations of frontline clinical technology, and promptly promote effective treatment plans.
On February 23, speaking to the meeting held to coordinate epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, he called for giving full play to the high-level medical teams where they are most needed: curing severe cases, guiding medical practices, and optimizing treatment plans.
Medical workers are the backbone force in defeating the epidemic. From saving lives in frontline hospitals to conducting research to tackle key problems, from updating the guidelines on diagnosis and treatment, treating the patients with all possible approaches, to continuously raising the recovery rate and lowering the case fatality rate, heartening reports are pouring in from all over the country as more and more patients are cured and discharged from the hospital. A large number of medical workers have built a line of defense and provided professional support for winning the war.
Party committees and governments at all levels have actively taken pragmatic and intimate measures to help medical workers overcome difficulties, solve problems, and eliminate worries: (1) offering them more support in daily life by improving their working and resting conditions, properly arranging off-days in rotation, implementing relevant preferential policies and providing good logistics services; (2) offering them more security assurance by first providing sufficient medical protective materials to frontline medical workers and patients, and punishing illegal acts of hospital violence; and (3) offering them more humanistic care and psychological intervention and counseling, and protecting both their physical and mental health.
2. 防控力量向社區(qū)下沉
2020年2月10日，習(xí)近平在北京調(diào)研指導(dǎo)新冠肺炎疫情防控工作時強(qiáng)調(diào)，社區(qū)是疫情聯(lián)防聯(lián)控的第一線，也是外防輸入、內(nèi)防擴(kuò)散最有效的防線，把社區(qū)這道防線守住，就能有效切斷疫情擴(kuò)散蔓延的渠道，全國都要充分發(fā)揮社區(qū)在疫情防控中的阻擊作用，把防控力量向社區(qū)下沉，加強(qiáng)社區(qū)各項防控措施的落實(shí)，使所有社區(qū)成為疫情防控的堅強(qiáng)堡壘。
社區(qū)是城市管理的神經(jīng)末梢，是最基本的管理單元，也是力量相對薄弱的地方。疫情發(fā)生以來，中國各地充分發(fā)揮社區(qū)在疫情防控中的阻擊作用，把防控力量沉到基層、落到實(shí)處。從入戶排查到重點(diǎn)人群監(jiān)控，從疫情發(fā)現(xiàn)報告到病患及時收治，廣大社區(qū)構(gòu)筑起疫情防控的人民防線；廣大黨員干部沖上一線，拿出戰(zhàn)時狀態(tài)的精氣神和行動力，靠前指揮、沖在一線，在緊張的戰(zhàn)斗中提高能力、錘煉作風(fēng)；社區(qū)工作人員用腳步丈量民情民意，及時掌握在材料報表和辦公室里察覺不到的情況，通過發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、解決問題推動防控工作做實(shí)做細(xì)，與廣大群眾一起為奪取疫情防控最終勝利而不懈努力。
Empowering Communities to Prevent and Control the Spread of the Coronavirus
When inspecting Beijing’s COVID-19 prevention on February 10, Xi Jinping stressed that the community is the front line of joint prevention and control, and the most effective line of defense to stop the coronavirus from entering and spreading within a region. We can effectively cut off the route of spread if we hold firm the line of defense at the communities. The communities need play their due role, and they should also be empowered to apply various prevention and control measures, so that every community will become a strong bastion defending against the epidemic.
Communities are the nerve endings of urban management. They are also where the administration is relatively weak. Since the outbreak of the epidemic, communities across China have been fully mobilized to conduct door-to-door screening, monitoring of target groups, and detection of suspected cases for timely treatment. A large number of Party members and officials have rushed to the front line and take on resolute actions on a war footing. And this has helped improve their abilities and conduct. Many community workers have visited the families in need to learn about the true situation, which they will never find in report forms and their offices, and in getting the problems solved they have promoted epidemic prevention and control earnestly. And by working with the residents, they build great synergy to win the final victory over the epidemic.
3. 統(tǒng)籌疫情防控與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會秩序恢復(fù)
2020年2月12日，習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局常委會會議，強(qiáng)調(diào)要統(tǒng)籌疫情防控與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會秩序恢復(fù)。會議指出，今年是全面建成小康社會和“十三五”規(guī)劃收官之年，各級黨委和政府要努力把新冠肺炎疫情影響降到最低，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行和社會和諧穩(wěn)定，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)黨中央確定的各項目標(biāo)任務(wù)；要加大宏觀政策調(diào)節(jié)力度，針對疫情帶來的影響，研究制定相應(yīng)政策措施；要更好發(fā)揮積極的財政政策作用，加大資金投入，保障好各地疫情防控資金需要；要繼續(xù)研究出臺階段性、有針對性的減稅降費(fèi)措施，緩解企業(yè)經(jīng)營困難；要保持穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策靈活適度，對防疫物資生產(chǎn)企業(yè)加大優(yōu)惠利率信貸支持力度，對受疫情影響較大的地區(qū)、行業(yè)和企業(yè)完善差異化優(yōu)惠金融服務(wù)；要以更大力度實(shí)施好就業(yè)優(yōu)先政策，完善支持中小微企業(yè)的財稅、金融、社保等政策；要在確保做好防疫工作的前提下，分類指導(dǎo)，有序推動央企、國企等各類企業(yè)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)；要多措并舉做好高校畢業(yè)生等群體就業(yè)工作，確保就業(yè)大局穩(wěn)定。
2020年2月23日，習(xí)近平在統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)新冠肺炎疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展工作部署會議的講話中強(qiáng)調(diào)，各級黨委和政府要堅定必勝信念，咬緊牙關(guān)，繼續(xù)毫不放松抓緊抓實(shí)抓細(xì)各項防控工作；要變壓力為動力、善于化危為機(jī)，有序恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)生活秩序，強(qiáng)化“六穩(wěn)”舉措，加大政策調(diào)節(jié)力度，把國家發(fā)展的巨大潛力和強(qiáng)大動能充分釋放出來，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)今年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展目標(biāo)任務(wù)。
統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展工作，關(guān)鍵是抓好中央決策部署的貫徹落實(shí)。疫情嚴(yán)重或高風(fēng)險地區(qū)繼續(xù)集中精力抓好疫情防控工作，中風(fēng)險地區(qū)依據(jù)防控形勢有序復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)，低風(fēng)險地區(qū)把防控策略調(diào)整到外防輸入上來，全面恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)生活秩序。
Coordinating Epidemic Prevention and Control and Restoration of Economic and Social Order
While presiding over a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on February 12, Xi Jinping called for coordinating epidemic prevention and control and restoration of economic and social order. As China will complete building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects and conclude its 13th Five-year Plan in 2020, Party committees and governments at all levels must strive to minimize the impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic, maintain smooth economic operation and social stability, and fulfill the goals and tasks set by the CPC Central Committee. They need to do the following work:
* strengthening macro policy regulation and formulating policies and measures to address epidemic impacts;
* better leveraging a proactive fiscal policy and increasing budgetary input to ensure the funding for epidemic prevention and control in various localities;
* introducing phased and targeted measures of tax cuts and fee reductions to alleviate the operational difficulties of enterprises;
* maintaining a prudent and flexible monetary policy, providing more credit aid with preferential interest rates to enterprises producing anti-epidemic materials, and improving differentiated preferential financial services for the areas, industries and enterprises hard-hit by the epidemic;
* making greater efforts to implement the employment priority policy, and improving the fiscal, taxation, financial and social insurance policies that support small and medium-sized enterprises;
* giving classified guidance for the resumption of work and production of central and state-owned enterprises and other businesses in an orderly manner on the premise of ensuring all epidemic prevention work is done well; and
* taking multiple measures to promote the employment of college graduates and other groups, and ensure overall stability of employment.
On February 23, at the meeting held to make overall arrangements in advancing prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic and getting the economy and society back to normal, Xi Jinping emphasized that Party committees and governments at all levels must have confidence in victory, bite the bullet, and continue to implement prevention and control measures without the slightest slackening. They need to turn pressure into power and turn adversity into opportunities, and restore production and livelihood of the people in an orderly manner. They should work to maintain stability in employment, financial operations, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and expectations, strengthen policy regulation, fully release the great potential and strong momentum of the whole nation, and strive to achieve the goals and tasks set for this year’s economic and social development.
To coordinate the endeavors, the key lies in implementing the decisions and deployments made by the CPC Central Committee. The regions hit hard by the epidemic or regions with high risk of infection should continue to concentrate on epidemic prevention and control; the medium-risk regions should resume work and production in an orderly manner; and the low-risk regions should shift their focus to guard against imported cases from outside, and fully restore local production and livelihood of the people.
4. 武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)
2020年2月11日，習(xí)近平通過視頻連線聽取中央指導(dǎo)組、湖北指揮部匯報時作出部署，要求堅決打贏武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)、湖北保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)。
武漢勝則湖北勝，湖北勝則全國勝。一段時間內(nèi)，疫情防控處于膠著對壘狀態(tài)，湖北和武漢疫情形勢仍然十分嚴(yán)峻。打贏武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)，首先要清醒認(rèn)識武漢疫情的特殊性，武漢是疫情初發(fā)地，不僅早發(fā)多發(fā)，而且比市外省外更為長久、更為嚴(yán)重；其次要清醒認(rèn)識武漢疫情的不確定性，與輸入地相比，武漢感染者底數(shù)沒有完全摸清，蔓延擴(kuò)散的規(guī)模也沒有較為精準(zhǔn)的估計預(yù)測；再次要清醒認(rèn)識武漢防控工作的薄弱點(diǎn)，疫情防控還存在確診難、收治難、隔離難、保障難等薄弱環(huán)節(jié)；此外，輿情應(yīng)對較為被動、網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情引導(dǎo)不到位、辟謠不及時，這些都影響了社會輿論環(huán)境。
The War to Defend Wuhan Against the Coronavirus
On February 11, in a video call with the Central Guiding Team and Hubei’s Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarter, Xi Jinping ordered to resolutely defend Wuhan and Hubei and win the war against the coronavirus.
If Wuhan wins, Hubei wins. If Hubei wins, the whole country wins. For quiet a long time to come, epidemic prevention and control will remain a stalemate, and the epidemic situation in Wuhan and Hubei is very grim. To defeat the virus and protect Wuhan, people must first have a clear understanding of the particularity of the epidemic in the city. Wuhan is where the outbreak first occurred and the city has reported the most cases of infection, and the epidemic is predicted to last longer here and cause more serious damages to Wuhan than other places. Second, people need to have a clear understanding of the uncertainty of the epidemic in Wuhan, as the city has no actual number of its infected people, and the scale of spread is not predictable. Third, they need to have a clear understanding of the weakness in Wuhan’s epidemic prevention and control, as there are still difficulties in definite diagnosis, hospital admission, isolation and daily life support. Besides, there are problems such as passive response to public concerns, indolence in managing social media sentiment, and sluggishness in refuting rumors, all of which have affected the social opinion environment.
5. 湖北保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)
2020年2月11日，習(xí)近平通過視頻連線聽取中央指導(dǎo)組、湖北指揮部匯報時作出部署，要求堅決打贏武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)、湖北保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)。
疫情防控，湖北和武漢是重中之重；打贏疫情防控阻擊戰(zhàn)，湖北和武漢是決勝之地。武漢勝則湖北勝，湖北勝則全國勝。要打贏湖北保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)，疫情防控這張大網(wǎng)中絕不允許存在任何一個盲點(diǎn)和漏洞。湖北省新冠肺炎疫情防控指揮部多次要求，落實(shí)全面排查，狠抓源頭防控，充實(shí)收治力量，錨定“清零”目標(biāo)。全省迅速作出響應(yīng)，各地不斷充實(shí)力量，下沉街道、社區(qū)、農(nóng)村，全面排查患者人數(shù)、醫(yī)院床位數(shù)等，盡最大努力加快疑似患者的檢測、隔離以及確診患者的收治、診療工作。
穩(wěn)住了湖北和武漢疫情，就穩(wěn)住了全國大局。為了更好完成對口支援任務(wù)，各省份精細(xì)籌備、精準(zhǔn)施策、強(qiáng)化保障，一批批醫(yī)務(wù)人員和物資集結(jié)到一線，全力支持湖北各地市加強(qiáng)病人救治、疫情防控工作；數(shù)十家單位緊密配合，各地建設(shè)力量迅速匯聚，短時間內(nèi)建好武漢火神山、雷神山醫(yī)院；軍隊保證醫(yī)療物資和人員有效投送，抽組大量醫(yī)護(hù)人員奔赴疫情防控最前線。力量向湖北集結(jié)，資源向湖北傾斜，凝聚起眾志成城抗擊疫情的強(qiáng)大力量。
The War to Defend Hubei Against the Coronavirus
On February 11, in a video call with the Central Guiding Team and Hubei’s Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarter, Xi Jinping ordered to resolutely defend Wuhan and Hubei and win the war against the coronavirus.
Wuhan and Hubei are the top priorities for epidemic prevention and control, and they are the decisive places to win the war against the coronavirus. If Wuhan wins, Hubei wins. If Hubei wins, the whole country wins. To secure a victory, no blind spot or loophole shall be allowed in the large network of epidemic prevention and control.
Hubei’s Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters has reiterated the importance of conducting thorough screening to stop the epidemic at its source, and expanding the admission capacity to achieve the goal of “zero infection.” The whole province quickly responded, dispatching a large number of workers to the communities and villages to check the number of patients and hospital beds, and trying the utmost to accelerate detection and isolation of suspected cases and admission and treatment of confirmed cases.
The situation of the whole country will become stabilized if the epidemic in Wuhan and Hubei is put under control. To better render paired-up assistance, various provinces have made meticulous preparations, worked out precise policies, sent medical workers and materials to support every single city of Hubei province. Thanks to close cooperation of dozens of units and combined efforts of construction forces from across the country, the two hospitals – Huoshenshan and Leishenshan – were built in a very short time. The military also ensured effective delivery of medical supplies and personnel and dispatched a large number of medical workers to the forefront. Together they formed a great force in support of Hubei fighting the epidemic.
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