三、具體措施
Effective Measures
1. 成立國(guó)務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控工作機(jī)制科研攻關(guān)組
人類同疫病較量最有力的武器就是科學(xué)技術(shù)，戰(zhàn)勝大災(zāi)大疫離不開科學(xué)發(fā)展和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。習(xí)近平在考察科研攻關(guān)工作時(shí)指出，防控新冠肺炎疫情斗爭(zhēng)有兩條戰(zhàn)線，一條是疫情防控第一線，另一條就是科研和物資生產(chǎn)，兩條戰(zhàn)線要相互配合、并肩作戰(zhàn)。
2020年1月20日，按照中共中央國(guó)務(wù)院決策部署，科技部、國(guó)家衛(wèi)生健康委、發(fā)展改革委、教育部、財(cái)政部、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、海關(guān)總署、國(guó)家林草局、中國(guó)科學(xué)院、國(guó)家藥監(jiān)局、國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥局、中央軍委后勤保障部等部門和單位迅速響應(yīng)，成立國(guó)務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控工作機(jī)制科研攻關(guān)組（簡(jiǎn)稱“科研攻關(guān)組”），并成立以鐘南山院士為組長(zhǎng)、14位專家組成的科研攻關(guān)專家組，組織動(dòng)員全國(guó)優(yōu)勢(shì)科研力量開展攻關(guān)。
科研攻關(guān)組圍繞“可溯、可診、可治、可防”的防控需求，主要開展四方面工作：一是確定科研主攻方向，即臨床救治和藥物、疫苗研發(fā)、檢測(cè)技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品、病毒病原學(xué)和流行病學(xué)、動(dòng)物模型構(gòu)建等五大主攻方向；二是快速部署應(yīng)急任務(wù)，啟動(dòng)科技攻關(guān)應(yīng)急專項(xiàng)，組織跨學(xué)科、跨領(lǐng)域的科研團(tuán)隊(duì)，聯(lián)合地方省市、動(dòng)員社會(huì)和企業(yè)力量開展科技攻關(guān)和應(yīng)急研發(fā)；三是與醫(yī)療救治組建立協(xié)同機(jī)制，加快階段性研究成果在臨床救治方面的快速應(yīng)用；四是加強(qiáng)規(guī)范管理和服務(wù)，通過(guò)印發(fā)政策文件、出臺(tái)指導(dǎo)意見等措施，確保科研攻關(guān)工作合法合規(guī)推進(jìn)。
截至2月底，在中央決策部署下，全國(guó)科技界團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作、爭(zhēng)分奪秒，先后啟動(dòng)了四批共20個(gè)應(yīng)急攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目，各主攻方向均取得階段性進(jìn)展，為打贏疫情防控的人民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、總體戰(zhàn)、阻擊戰(zhàn)提供強(qiáng)大科技支撐。
The Scientific Research and Innovation Team Under the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council
Science and technology offers humanity the most powerful weapon to control disease, and scientific development and technological innovation are indispensable in curing diseases and fighting epidemics.
When inspecting relevant scientific R&D programs, Xi Jinping pointed out that there are two battle lines in the war against the coronavirus: epidemic prevention and control, and scientific research and equipment production. He urged the workers on these two battle linesto cooperate and fight side by side.
Following the decision and deployment made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the scientific research and innovation team under the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council (“Scientific Research and Innovation Team” for short) was established on January 20, including members from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the NHC, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the General Administration of Customs, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Medical Products Administration, the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Logistics Support Department of the Central Military Commission and other government departments and agencies. China’s COVID-19 Expert Team, headed by Academician Zhong Nanshan and composed of 14 experts, was also established to organize and lead scientific research faculties across the country to tackle key problems.
In line with the principle of “tracing the infection source, diagnosing the disease, curing the patients, and blocking the virus,” the Scientific Research and Innovation Team has mainly carried out work in four aspects: (1) to determine five major directions of scientific research – clinical treatment, drugs and vaccine research and development, detection technology and products, viral etiology and epidemiology, and animal model construction; (2) to deploy emergency tasks without delay, including launching emergency projects for tackling key scientific and technological problems, organizing cross-disciplinary and cross-domain research teams, carrying out scientific research and emergency R&D by collaborating with provincial and municipal government departments and enterprises; (3) to establish a cooperation mechanism with the medical treatment team to accelerate the application of phased research results in clinical treatment; and (4) to enhance procedure-based management and services, and ensure that scientific research follows the law and relevant regulations.
By the end of February, scientists and researchers across the country had worked together against the clock and started 20 emergency projects in four batches, and phased progress had been made in all major scientific research directions, providing strong support to the nation’s war on the epidemic.
2. 應(yīng)收盡收、應(yīng)治盡治
控制源頭、切斷傳播途徑，是傳染病防控的治本之策。新冠肺炎疫情發(fā)生后，習(xí)近平多次作出重要指示，要求堅(jiān)決做到應(yīng)收盡收，全力做好救治工作，切實(shí)提高收治率和治愈率、降低感染率和病亡率。各省市相繼出臺(tái)措施，圍繞篩查、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)、收治和治療四個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)全面加強(qiáng)收治工作。
2020年1月26日，武漢市要求所有醫(yī)院發(fā)熱門診24小時(shí)接診，其中確診和高度疑似新冠肺炎的患者，醫(yī)院必須“應(yīng)收盡收”，統(tǒng)一收治。2月17日，湖北省武漢市等疫情重點(diǎn)地區(qū)開展集中拉網(wǎng)式大排查，對(duì)“四類人員”進(jìn)行清底摸排。各地根據(jù)防控救治需要，通過(guò)優(yōu)化暢通收治轉(zhuǎn)診通道、改造擴(kuò)容定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院、增加醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)床位、優(yōu)化診療方案等有效措施提高收治能力，取得積極效果。有關(guān)部門和機(jī)構(gòu)開設(shè)線上求助通道，征集各地遇到就醫(yī)困難的患者信息，助力應(yīng)收盡收、應(yīng)治盡治。
堅(jiān)決做到應(yīng)收盡收、應(yīng)治盡治，是徹底戰(zhàn)勝疫情的關(guān)鍵之舉，也是落實(shí)“集中患者、集中專家、集中資源、集中救治”要求的重要原則，為推動(dòng)疫情防控形勢(shì)加速向好提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)保障。
Admitting All Suspected and Confirmed Cases for Treatment
Controlling the source and cutting off the route of transmission are the fundamental measures for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, Xi Jinping has given instructions on many occasions, demanding all-out efforts to admit all suspected and confirmed cases for treatment, raise the hospital admission rate and the recovery rate, and lower the infection rate and the case fatality rate. Successively, various provinces and cities have adopted measures to comprehensively strengthen patients screening, transferring, hospital admission and treatment.
On January 26, 2020, Wuhan demanded that fever clinics of all hospitals must operate round the clock to admit all confirmed and highly suspected cases, and put them together for treatment. On February 17, Wuhan and other regions in Hubei that were severely hit by the epidemic launched massive dragnet screening of potential virus carriers to get accurate information about the four groups of people (confirmed cases, suspected cases, febrile patients and close contacts).
Various localities have taken effective measures to raise the hospital admission and treatment capability, such as optimizing patient transfer channel, rebuilding and expanding designated hospitals, increasing beds in medical institutions, and improving diagnosis and treatment plans. Effective results have been accomplished. Relevant government departments and institutions have opened online channels to collect information from patients who have difficulties in seeking medical assistance, and help them get into hospitals for treatment as soon as possible.
Admitting all suspected and confirmed cases to hospital is key to thoroughly defeating the epidemic. It echoes the guiding principle of “treating the infected in dedicated facilities by senior medical professionals from all over the country and with all necessary resources,” and has provided a solid guarantee for creating positive effects in epidemic prevention and control.
3. 中西醫(yī)并用
在2020年1月25日召開的中共中央政治局常委會(huì)專題會(huì)議上，習(xí)近平強(qiáng)調(diào)，要不斷完善診療方案，堅(jiān)持中西醫(yī)結(jié)合。
中醫(yī)和西醫(yī)是在不同社會(huì)文化背景下發(fā)展起來(lái)的兩種醫(yī)學(xué)體系，在應(yīng)對(duì)疾病方面各有所長(zhǎng)：西醫(yī)強(qiáng)于病毒鑒定、相關(guān)藥物和疫苗研制、危重患者生命支持等，而中醫(yī)則在調(diào)控機(jī)體、辯證施治、增強(qiáng)對(duì)疫病的抵抗力等方面擁有豐富獨(dú)到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)�！爸形麽t(yī)并用”療法曾在2003年抗擊非典期間取得良好效果。
在新冠肺炎疫情防控中，國(guó)家衛(wèi)生健康委和國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥管理局于2月21日聯(lián)合發(fā)布《關(guān)于在新冠肺炎等傳染病防治工作中建立健全中西醫(yī)協(xié)作機(jī)制的通知》，要求各地建立健全中西醫(yī)協(xié)作機(jī)制，強(qiáng)化中西醫(yī)聯(lián)合會(huì)診制度，促進(jìn)中醫(yī)藥深度介入診療的全過(guò)程。國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥管理局及時(shí)派出專家前往武漢指導(dǎo)中醫(yī)辨證治療，并總結(jié)臨床救治經(jīng)驗(yàn)，將優(yōu)化調(diào)整后的中醫(yī)治療方案納入國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委印發(fā)的診療方案。各地也積極組織中醫(yī)藥精銳力量馳援武漢。截至2月21日，國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥管理局和28個(gè)�。▍^(qū)、市）630多家中醫(yī)醫(yī)院共派出近3200名醫(yī)務(wù)人員支援湖北，全國(guó)中醫(yī)藥參與救治的確診病例已經(jīng)超過(guò)6萬(wàn)例，占比達(dá)85%，中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療效果明顯。
中西醫(yī)優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)、相互促進(jìn)，共同維護(hù)和增進(jìn)民眾健康，這已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)特色醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生和健康事業(yè)的重要特征和優(yōu)勢(shì)。
Combined Use of TCM and Western Medicine
Xi Jinping proposed constant improvement of the diagnosis and treatment plans and combined use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine at the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held on January 25, 2020.
Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine are two kinds of medical systems developed under different social and cultural backgrounds, and each has its own advantages in dealing with diseases. Western medicine is better in virus identification, development of relevant drugs and vaccines, and providing life support for critically ill patients. Traditional Chinese medicine has rich and unique experiences in regulating the human body, dialectical therapy, and enhancing resistance to epidemics and diseases. The practice of “combined use of TCM and Western medicine” had achieved good effects during China’s fight against SARS in 2003.
The NHC and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM) jointly issued a notice on February 21, requiring all localities to establish a cooperation mechanism of TCM and Western medicine, apply joint consultation by doctors practicing TCM and Western medicine, and promote in-depth intervention of TCM in the whole process of diagnosis and treatment.
The NATCM has dispatched a group of experts to Wuhan to guide TCM treatment based on syndrome differentiation. The experts also summed up the clinical experience and incorporated the optimized TCM treatment plan into the guidelines on diagnosis and treatment released by the NHC. Various localities have also organized elite TCM forces to assist Wuhan.
By February 21, the NATCM and more than 630 TCM hospitals in 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) had sent nearly 3,200 medical staff to support Hubei. More than 60,000 or 85% of the confirmed cases had been treated by TCM nationwide, showing obvious therapeutic effects of combined use of TCM and Western medicine.
By drawing strength from each other and putting them into combined use, TCM and Western medicine are able to jointly maintain public health. It is also one major feature and prominent strength of China’s medical and health system.
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